律师肖飒：美国罚没太子集团陈志150亿BTC的背后，是一种新型“数字霸凌”
2025年10月美国司法部对柬埔寨太子集团陈志名下12.7万枚比特币的没收决定，引发全球法律界对数字时代新型霸凌行为的深度思考。知名数字金融法律师肖飒指出，此案暴露出美国正通过技术、法律与金融的复合手段，构建一种前所未有的”数字霸凌”体系。
一、技术外衣下的霸权本质
在此次事件中，美国借助区块链分析公司Chainalysis的技术报告，将复杂的技术溯源结果简化为”非黑即白”的法律证据。肖飒律师指出：”这种技术话语权的垄断，使得美国能够单方面定义什么是’合法’，什么是’非法’。”更值得关注的是，这些技术标准正在通过国际标准组织悄然成为全球准则。
据统计，目前全球83%的区块链取证工具采用美国公司开发的技术标准。这种技术优势使得美国可以像”数字世界的上帝”一样，随时对任何链上行为进行”审判”。
二、法律程序中的不对称博弈
本案中，美国创新性地运用民事没收程序，规避了复杂的跨国司法协作。这种程序将举证责任完全转移给资产持有人，而美国司法部仅需提供”较大可能性”证据即可完成资产没收。程序设计上的先天倾斜，使得被指控方陷入自证清白的困境，凸显了程序正义的系统性失衡。
从程序运作的实际效果看，这种不对称性进一步加剧。数据显示，在2024年美国司法部处理的类似案件中，外国被告的平均应诉成本高达120万美元，而美国本土被告的平均成本仅为23万美元。巨大的诉讼成本差异，使得许多外国当事人不得不放弃应诉，进一步助长了这种程序的不对称性。
更深层次的问题在于，这种法律程序的创新正在重塑全球数字治理的基本规则。通过将国内程序国际化，美国实际上建立了一套绕过多边机制的单边执法体系。这不仅挑战了传统的国家主权平等原则，也可能引发其他国家的效仿，最终导致数字空间的法律碎片化。
值得注意的是，这种程序不对称正在向更多领域蔓延。在数据跨境流动、数字服务监管、网络安全等领域，美国都在通过类似的法律工具扩展其域外管辖权。这种趋势如果持续发展，可能最终导致数字空间形成以美国法律为核心的单极秩序。肖飒举例说明：”这就好比因为使用了美国公司开发的软件，就被认定受美国法律管辖。这种管辖权的无限扩张，正在将美国法律变成’数字世界的基本法。”
三、金融体系的结构性控制
美元体系在此次事件中发挥了关键作用。肖飒指出：”美国要求全球稳定币必须以美元资产为储备，这实际上是将传统金融霸权延伸至数字领域。”数据显示，目前全球前十大稳定币发行方都将资产存放于美国银行体系，这种结构性依赖使得美国获得了前所未有的金融控制力。
2024年美联储推出的”数字美元监管框架”，更将这种控制推向新高度。该框架要求所有与美元稳定币相关的交易都必须通过受美国监管的中间商进行。这种结构性控制不仅体现在制度层面，更深入到技术架构。目前主流的稳定币智能合约大多采用美国公司提供的标准模板，这些模板内嵌了符合美国监管要求的技术规范。例如，某些合约设置了可根据监管要求冻结特定地址的功能，这种”代码即合规”的设计使得美国规则通过技术手段实现了全球化渗透。
四、全球治理的失序危机
此次事件暴露出全球数字治理体系的严重失灵。肖飒指出：”现有的国际组织无力应对数字时代的新挑战，WTO规则无法约束数字贸易，国际法院难以处理链上纠纷。”这种制度真空为”数字霸凌”提供了生存空间。发展中国家在此轮治理体系调整中承受着不成比例的压力。数据显示，2024年全球数字资产相关争议中，发展中国家主体的败诉率显著高于发达国家主体。这种差异不仅体现在司法结果上，更体现在规则制定的话语权、技术标准的主导权等多个维度，反映出数字时代的新型不平等正在加剧。
五、破局之道：构建多元治理体系
面对数字治理领域的挑战，国际社会需要共同推进系统性解决方案。在技术层面，促进技术标准的多元化发展至关重要，支持各主要经济体开发符合自身特点的技术标准体系。欧盟的数据治理框架、中国的区块链服务网络等实践，为建立多极技术生态提供了有益探索。
在法律协作方面，需要加强区域性司法合作机制建设。新加坡国际商事法庭近年来处理的数字资产案件实践表明，建立专业化的跨境争端解决平台有助于弥合法律体系差异。这种区域性协作既能尊重各国司法主权，又能提高纠纷解决效率。
数字金融基础设施的多极化也是重要方向。中国央行推广的数字人民币跨境支付、欧盟推进的数字欧元项目等探索，为打破单一依赖提供了可能。这些尝试虽然处于起步阶段，但代表着建立更加平衡的全球数字金融生态的努力。
实现真正的多元治理还需要制度创新。可以考虑在联合国框架下建立数字治理协调机制，设立专业性的数字争端解决机构，制定兼顾各方利益的数字规则体系。这种多边合作模式，有助于构建更加包容、公正的数字时代治理新秩序
数字霸凌的出现，既是挑战也是机遇。它暴露出现有治理体系的不足，也为推动改革提供了动力。未来十年将是决定数字世界走向的关键期，是走向更加开放包容，还是陷入新一轮霸权争夺，答案就在当下的选择中。
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